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End, right
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End, left
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Lid
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Bottom
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Lid
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Body, back
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Body, front
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End, left
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Interior
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Links
Subject
Religious. Life of the Virgin. Passion. Lives of Saints.
Repository Institution
www.louvre.fr
To purchase an image
www.photo.rmn.fr
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Paris, Musée du Louvre
MR 367
Ivory;copper (Modern mounts
Height: 90mm
Width: 220mm
Depth: 152mm
Lid
God the Father with papal tiara making a blessing gesture; orb. Four seated Evangelists: saint Matthew writing, with his symbol, the angel (inscription on scroll: 'saint Jehan'); saint John writing, with his symbol, the eagle (inscription on scroll: 'S. Matieu'); saint Mark writing, with his symbol, the lion (inscription on scroll: 'Marc'); saint Luke writing, with his symbol, the ox (inscription on scroll: 'Luc'); foliated border.
Body, front
Virgin and Child (Virgo lactans); crown; two angels swinging censers. Angels holding a scroll; musician angels (?). Crucifixion with saint John the Evangelist and the Virgin; Holy Women; onlookers.
End, right
Saint Michael and the devil (or Saint Olaf?). Saint Benedict holding a cross. Saint Eustace crossing a river; his two sons are seized by a lion and a wolf. Saint James the Greater with pilgrim's hat, staff and satchel. Saint Sebastian.
Body, back
Saint Nicholas as a bishop, resurrecting the three children standing in a tub. Martyrdom of saint Quentin; Quentin is tortured with nails in his shoulders. Saint Anthony abbot standing in flames. Saint Christopher carrying the Christ Child across the river. Saint Peter holding a key. Saint John the Baptist holding the Lamb of God (Agnus Dei).
End, left
Saint Agnes with a lamb and book. Unidentified female saint holding a palm and a book. Saint Clare holding a pyxis, or saint Mary Magdalene holding an ointment pot. Saint Margaret emerging from the dragon unharmed, holding a crucifix. Saint Catherine of Alexandria with wheel and martyr's palm.
Crosshatched background. Flamboyant architecture.
Koechlin Number: 0886
Dalton 1909 and Koechlin 1924: France, 2nd half of the 15th century (strange but documented too early to be a fake).
Leeuwenberg 1969: France (?), late 18th century.
Gaborit-Chopin in Paris 1991: France, c. 1400 or late 18th century or early 19th century (lid only?).
Gaborit-Chopin 2003 and Museum's opinion 2010: Paris, c. 1400 or first quarter of the 15th century and late 18th century? (believes that c. 1400 is most likely, but that the lid may be an early neo-gothic pastiche).
Attribution
Master of the Agrafe Forgeries (Leeuwenberg 1969)
Reverse
Carved on all sides.
Object Condition
Missing: handle, ironwork, one of the two modern ivory buttons (bearing 3 fleurs de lys and covering the holes where the handle was attached).
Hole for early metalwork on the edge of the sides.
Comments
Inscriptions engraved onto the scrolls of the Evangelists: 'saint Jehan' (Angel), 'S. Matieu' (Eagle), 'S. Luc' (Lion), 'S. Marc' (Ox). The association between Evangelist and symbol, therefore, does not follow traditional iconography. The arms of Anjou-Sicily and Jerusalem feature on the modern copper plaque replacing the original lock. The Saint-Denis provenance is assumed but not certain.
Labels on the bottom with inscriptions: 'A.80', 'N 1071', 'M R 967', '909'.
Provenance
At the Musée du Louvre since 5 December 1793, along with objects from Saint-Denis; registered in the manuscript Inventaire général des musées royaux, IV (1824) with the note 'conquête de 1806'.
Bibliography
M. de Laborde, Notice des émaux, bijoux et objets divers exposés dans les galeries du musée du Louvre (Paris, 1857), no. 909.
A. Sauzay, Musée de la Renaissance [Musée du Louvre]. Notice des ivoires (Paris, 1863), no. 79.
E. Molinier, Musée National du Louvre. Catalogue des ivoires (Paris, 1896), no. 124.
O. M. Dalton, Catalogue of the Ivory Carvings of the Christian Era in the British Museum (London, 1909), p. xlvi and in relation to no. 309.
R. Koechlin, Les Ivoires gothiques français (Paris, 1924), I, 329; II, no. 886; III, pl. CLIX.
J. Leeuwenberg, 'Early Nineteenth-Century Gothic Ivories', in Aachener Kunstblätter, 39 (1969), pp. 111-148 (pp. 126-129, 130, 142, 144, fig. 28).
D. Gaborit-Chopin, 'Les ivoires gothiques. A propos d'un article récent', in Bulletin monumental 128-2 (1970), pp. 127-133 (pp. 132-133, fig. 6).
D. Gaborit-Chopin, B. de Montesquiou-Fezensac, Le Trésor de Saint-Denis (Paris, 1973 and 1977), III, pp. 121-122, pl. 106.
Le Trésor de Saint-Denis, exhibition catalogue, Paris, Musée du Louvre, 1991, no. 67, fig.
D. Gaborit-Chopin, Ivoires médiévaux, Ve-XVe siècle (Paris: Musée du Louvre, 2003), no. 240.
J. Warren, Medieval and Renaissance Sculpture in the Ashmolean Museum, 3 vols (Oxford, 2014), Vol. 2: Sculptures in Stone, Clay, Ivory, Bone and Wood, pp. 610-11, in relation to no. 188.
P. Williamson and G. Davies, Medieval Ivory Carvings 1200-1550 (London, 2014), in relation to no. 180.
Image
© RMN-Grand Palais (Musée du Louvre) - © Stéphane Maréchalle.
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